General Info

Gynecologic Oncology Surgery

Gynecologic oncology surgery is a specialized field focused on diagnosing and treating cancers and pre-cancerous conditions of the female reproductive organs. This discipline involves gynecologic oncologists who undergo extensive training to become experts in managing these complex cases. With the increasing prevalence of gynecologic oncology cases, early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment play a crucial role. A multidisciplinary approach typically includes oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, oncology nurses, and other specialists. Below are key details about gynecologic cancers and the methods used in their treatment:

Types of Gynecologic Cancers

1. Vulvar Cancer:
   Vulvar cancer affects the external genitalia, including the clitoris and labia. The primary cause is the human papillomavirus (HPV). While treatable, prevention remains the most effective strategy.

2. Endometrial Cancer:
   Endometrial cancer originates in the uterine lining, which is shed during menstruation if pregnancy does not occur. It is more common after menopause and is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecologic cancers.

3. Ovarian Cancer:
   Ovarian cancer, originating in the ovaries responsible for producing eggs and hormones, is among the most lethal gynecologic cancers. Its exact cause remains unclear.

4. Cervical Cancer:
   Cervical cancer affects the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is strongly linked to HPV infection and can often be detected early through routine screening.

Methods Used in Gynecologic Oncology Treatment

1. Brachytherapy:
   This internal radiotherapy involves placing small radioactive sources directly inside the body near the cancerous tissue. It delivers high-dose radiation to targeted areas while preserving healthy tissues.

2. Colposcopy:
   A diagnostic tool, colposcopy allows for a magnified examination of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. A lighted device (colposcope) identifies abnormal cells, enabling biopsies and early intervention.

3. Vulvectomy:
   This procedure removes external genital structures to treat vulvar cancers.

4. Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy:

   • Chemotherapy uses drugs to target and halt the growth of cancer cells.
   • Radiotherapy employs radiation to destroy cancerous tissues over time.

Importance of Early Detection

As with all cancer types, early detection is critical in gynecologic cancers. Regular screenings, such as Pap smears, HPV tests, and gynecological check-ups, play a vital role in identifying abnormalities at an early stage, improving treatment outcomes.

This content was developed with contributions from the Medical Park Editorial Board. It is intended for informational purposes only and does not include therapeutic healthcare advice. For diagnosis and treatment, please consult your healthcare provider.